auth tests

backend/app/Actions/Fortify/CreateNewUser.php

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+<?php
+
+namespace App\Actions\Fortify;
+
+use App\Models\User;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Hash;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Validator;
+use Illuminate\Validation\Rule;
+use Illuminate\Validation\ValidationException;
+use Laravel\Fortify\Contracts\CreatesNewUsers;
+
+class CreateNewUser implements CreatesNewUsers
+{
+    use PasswordValidationRules;
+
+    /**
+     * Validate and create a newly registered user.
+     *
+     * @param  array<string, string>  $input
+     *
+     * @throws ValidationException
+     */
+    public function create(array $input): User
+    {
+        Validator::make($input, [
+            'name' => ['required', 'string', 'max:255'],
+            'email' => [
+                'required',
+                'string',
+                'email',
+                'max:255',
+                Rule::unique(User::class),
+            ],
+            'password' => $this->passwordRules(),
+        ])->validate();
+
+        return User::create([
+            'name' => $input['name'],
+            'email' => $input['email'],
+            'password' => Hash::make($input['password']),
+        ]);
+    }
+}

backend/app/Actions/Fortify/PasswordValidationRules.php

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Actions\Fortify;
+
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Validation\Rule;
+use Illuminate\Validation\Rules\Password;
+
+trait PasswordValidationRules
+{
+    /**
+     * Get the validation rules used to validate passwords.
+     *
+     * @return array<int, Rule|array<mixed>|string>
+     */
+    protected function passwordRules(): array
+    {
+        return ['required', 'string', Password::default(), 'confirmed'];
+    }
+}

backend/app/Actions/Fortify/ResetUserPassword.php

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Actions\Fortify;
+
+use App\Models\User;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Hash;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Validator;
+use Illuminate\Validation\ValidationException;
+use Laravel\Fortify\Contracts\ResetsUserPasswords;
+
+class ResetUserPassword implements ResetsUserPasswords
+{
+    use PasswordValidationRules;
+
+    /**
+     * Validate and reset the user's forgotten password.
+     *
+     * @param  array<string, string>  $input
+     *
+     * @throws ValidationException
+     */
+    public function reset(User $user, array $input): void
+    {
+        Validator::make($input, [
+            'password' => $this->passwordRules(),
+        ])->validate();
+
+        $user->forceFill([
+            'password' => Hash::make($input['password']),
+        ])->save();
+    }
+}

backend/app/Actions/Fortify/UpdateUserPassword.php

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+<?php
+
+namespace App\Actions\Fortify;
+
+use App\Models\User;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Hash;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Validator;
+use Illuminate\Validation\ValidationException;
+use Laravel\Fortify\Contracts\UpdatesUserPasswords;
+
+class UpdateUserPassword implements UpdatesUserPasswords
+{
+    use PasswordValidationRules;
+
+    /**
+     * Validate and update the user's password.
+     *
+     * @param  array<string, string>  $input
+     *
+     * @throws ValidationException
+     */
+    public function update(User $user, array $input): void
+    {
+        Validator::make($input, [
+            'current_password' => ['required', 'string', 'current_password:web'],
+            'password' => $this->passwordRules(),
+        ], [
+            'current_password.current_password' => __('The provided password does not match your current password.'),
+        ])->validateWithBag('updatePassword');
+
+        $user->forceFill([
+            'password' => Hash::make($input['password']),
+        ])->save();
+    }
+}

backend/app/Actions/Fortify/UpdateUserProfileInformation.php

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+<?php
+
+namespace App\Actions\Fortify;
+
+use App\Models\User;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\MustVerifyEmail;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Validator;
+use Illuminate\Validation\Rule;
+use Illuminate\Validation\ValidationException;
+use Laravel\Fortify\Contracts\UpdatesUserProfileInformation;
+
+class UpdateUserProfileInformation implements UpdatesUserProfileInformation
+{
+    /**
+     * Validate and update the given user's profile information.
+     *
+     * @param  array<string, string>  $input
+     *
+     * @throws ValidationException
+     */
+    public function update(User $user, array $input): void
+    {
+        Validator::make($input, [
+            'name' => ['required', 'string', 'max:255'],
+
+            'email' => [
+                'required',
+                'string',
+                'email',
+                'max:255',
+                Rule::unique('users')->ignore($user->id),
+            ],
+        ])->validateWithBag('updateProfileInformation');
+
+        if ($input['email'] !== $user->email &&
+            $user instanceof MustVerifyEmail) {
+            $this->updateVerifiedUser($user, $input);
+        } else {
+            $user->forceFill([
+                'name' => $input['name'],
+                'email' => $input['email'],
+            ])->save();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Update the given verified user's profile information.
+     *
+     * @param  array<string, string>  $input
+     */
+    protected function updateVerifiedUser(User $user, array $input): void
+    {
+        $user->forceFill([
+            'name' => $input['name'],
+            'email' => $input['email'],
+            'email_verified_at' => null,
+        ])->save();
+
+        $user->sendEmailVerificationNotification();
+    }
+}

backend/app/Actions/PurgeUserAction.php

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+<?php
+
+namespace App\Actions;
+
+use App\Exceptions\CannotDeleteSystemUserException;
+use App\Models\User;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Hash;
+use Illuminate\Support\Str;
+
+/**
+ * Cancellazione definitiva di un utente conforme al GDPR (diritto all'oblio).
+ *
+ * Non rimuove la riga (va preservata l'integrità referenziale verso i contenuti
+ * e la traccia di audit): i contenuti posseduti vengono riassegnati all'utente
+ * di sistema e i dati personali anonimizzati in-place. Il record resta
+ * soft-deleted ma, marcato `anonymized_at`, esce dal cestino e dalle liste.
+ *
+ * Idempotente: un utente già anonimizzato viene ignorato.
+ */
+class PurgeUserAction
+{
+    /**
+     * Modelli posseduti (con colonna `user_id`) da riassegnare all'utente di
+     * sistema prima dell'anonimizzazione. Aggiungere qui i modelli di contenuto
+     * man mano che vengono creati (devono usare SoftDeletes).
+     *
+     * @var list<class-string>
+     */
+    private const OWNED_MODELS = [];
+
+    public function execute(User $user): void
+    {
+        if ($user->is_system) {
+            throw CannotDeleteSystemUserException::make();
+        }
+
+        if ($user->anonymized_at !== null) {
+            return; // già anonimizzato: idempotente
+        }
+
+        $system = User::where('is_system', true)->firstOrFail();
+
+        DB::transaction(function () use ($user, $system) {
+            $this->reassignContent($user, $system);
+            $this->anonymize($user);
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Riassegna all'utente di sistema tutti i contenuti posseduti, inclusi
+     * quelli a loro volta nel cestino.
+     */
+    private function reassignContent(User $user, User $system): void
+    {
+        foreach (self::OWNED_MODELS as $model) {
+            $model::withTrashed()
+                ->where('user_id', $user->id)
+                ->update(['user_id' => $system->id]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Azzera i dati personali mantenendo la riga per l'integrità referenziale.
+     */
+    private function anonymize(User $user): void
+    {
+        $user->forceFill([
+            'name' => 'Deleted user',
+            'email' => "deleted-{$user->id}@anonymized.invalid",
+            'password' => Hash::make(Str::random(60)),
+            'two_factor_secret' => null,
+            'two_factor_recovery_codes' => null,
+            'two_factor_confirmed_at' => null,
+            'two_factor_setup_completed_at' => null,
+            'email_verified_at' => null,
+            'remember_token' => null,
+            'must_change_password' => false,
+            'anonymized_at' => now(),
+        ])->save();
+    }
+}

backend/app/Console/Commands/PurgeAnonymizableUsers.php

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+<?php
+
+namespace App\Console\Commands;
+
+use App\Actions\PurgeUserAction;
+use App\Models\User;
+use Illuminate\Console\Command;
+
+/**
+ * Anonimizza (GDPR) gli utenti soft-deleted oltre la retention, riassegnandone
+ * i contenuti all'utente di sistema. Idempotente, pensato per esecuzione
+ * schedulata giornaliera (vedi routes/console.php).
+ */
+class PurgeAnonymizableUsers extends Command
+{
+    protected $signature = 'users:purge
+                            {--days=30 : Days kept in the trash before anonymization}
+                            {--dry-run : Show the affected users without anonymizing}';
+
+    protected $description = 'Anonymize users deleted beyond the retention window (GDPR right to be forgotten)';
+
+    public function handle(PurgeUserAction $purge): int
+    {
+        $days = (int) $this->option('days');
+        $dryRun = (bool) $this->option('dry-run');
+
+        $users = User::onlyTrashed()
+            ->where('is_system', false)
+            ->whereNull('anonymized_at')
+            ->where('deleted_at', '<=', now()->subDays($days))
+            ->get();
+
+        if ($users->isEmpty()) {
+            $this->info('No users to anonymize.');
+
+            return self::SUCCESS;
+        }
+
+        foreach ($users as $user) {
+            if ($dryRun) {
+                $this->line(sprintf('  [dry-run] #%d %s', $user->id, $user->email));
+
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            $purge->execute($user);
+            $this->line(sprintf('  ✓ anonymized user #%d', $user->id));
+        }
+
+        $this->info(($dryRun ? '[dry-run] ' : '').'Processed users: '.$users->count());
+
+        return self::SUCCESS;
+    }
+}

backend/app/Exceptions/CannotDeleteSystemUserException.php

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Exceptions;
+
+use RuntimeException;
+
+/**
+ * Sollevata quando si tenta di anonimizzare/eliminare l'utente di sistema,
+ * che deve restare sempre presente come destinatario dei contenuti riassegnati.
+ */
+class CannotDeleteSystemUserException extends RuntimeException
+{
+    public static function make(): self
+    {
+        return new self('The system user cannot be deleted.');
+    }
+}

backend/app/Http/Controllers/AuthController.php

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Http\Controllers;
+
+use App\Http\Traits\ApiResponse;
+use Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse;
+use Illuminate\Http\Request;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Cookie;
+
+class AuthController extends Controller
+{
+    use ApiResponse;
+
+    /**
+     * Utente autenticato corrente (include l'accessor setup_status).
+     * Risposta al primo livello, come da convenzione Sanctum SPA.
+     */
+    public function me(Request $request): JsonResponse
+    {
+        return response()->json($request->user());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Logout: chiude la sessione stateful e ripulisce i cookie.
+     * Sovrascrive la rotta omonima di Fortify (registrata dopo → ha precedenza).
+     */
+    public function logout(Request $request): JsonResponse
+    {
+        $this->tearDownSession($request);
+
+        return $this->forgetAuthCookies($this->messageResponse('auth.logout_success'));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Cancellazione self-service dell'account: soft-delete + logout.
+     * L'anonimizzazione definitiva (GDPR) la fa l'Admin o la retention.
+     */
+    public function destroyAccount(Request $request): JsonResponse
+    {
+        $user = $request->user();
+        abort_if($user->is_system, 403);
+
+        $user->delete();
+        $this->tearDownSession($request);
+
+        return $this->forgetAuthCookies($this->messageResponse('account.deleted'));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Invalida la sessione corrente e rigenera il token CSRF.
+     */
+    private function tearDownSession(Request $request): void
+    {
+        Auth::guard('web')->logout();
+
+        if ($request->hasSession()) {
+            $request->session()->invalidate();
+            $request->session()->regenerateToken();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Marca per la cancellazione i cookie di sessione e XSRF lato client.
+     */
+    private function forgetAuthCookies(JsonResponse $response): JsonResponse
+    {
+        return $response
+            ->withCookie(Cookie::forget(config('session.cookie')))
+            ->withCookie(Cookie::forget('XSRF-TOKEN'));
+    }
+}

backend/app/Http/Controllers/UserController.php

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Http\Controllers;
+
+use App\Http\Requests\IndexUserRequest;
+use App\Http\Traits\ApiResponse;
+use App\Models\User;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
+use Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse;
+
+/**
+ * Gestione utenti riservata agli amministratori (sola lettura per ora:
+ * la creazione/invito e la modifica arriveranno con la gestione account).
+ *
+ * Ogni utente è serializzato col ruolo correlato e l'accessor `setup_status`
+ * (password_required / 2fa_setup_required / complete), utile alla dashboard admin.
+ */
+class UserController extends Controller
+{
+    use ApiResponse;
+
+    /**
+     * Elenco paginato degli utenti, con filtri opzionali (ricerca, ruolo, cestino).
+     */
+    public function index(IndexUserRequest $request): JsonResponse
+    {
+        $query = User::query()
+            ->with('role')
+            ->orderBy('name');
+
+        $this->applyTrashed($query, $request->input('trashed'));
+        $this->applySearch($query, $request->input('search'));
+
+        if ($request->filled('role_id')) {
+            $query->where('role_id', $request->integer('role_id'));
+        }
+
+        $users = $query->paginate($request->integer('per_page') ?: 20);
+
+        return $this->paginatedCollectionResponse($users);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Dettaglio di un singolo utente (anche cestinato/anonimizzato).
+     */
+    public function show(User $user): JsonResponse
+    {
+        $user->load('role');
+
+        return $this->okResponse($user);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Include i soft-deleted nell'elenco: `with` (tutti) o `only` (solo cestinati).
+     *
+     * @param  Builder<User>  $query
+     */
+    private function applyTrashed(Builder $query, ?string $trashed): void
+    {
+        match ($trashed) {
+            'with' => $query->withTrashed(),
+            'only' => $query->onlyTrashed(),
+            default => null,
+        };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Filtra per nome o email (ricerca parziale, case-insensitive).
+     *
+     * @param  Builder<User>  $query
+     */
+    private function applySearch(Builder $query, ?string $search): void
+    {
+        if (blank($search)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $term = '%'.$search.'%';
+
+        $query->where(function (Builder $q) use ($term): void {
+            $q->where('name', 'like', $term)
+                ->orWhere('email', 'like', $term);
+        });
+    }
+}

backend/app/Http/Controllers/UserRoleController.php

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Http\Controllers;
+
+use App\Http\Requests\StoreUserRoleRequest;
+use App\Http\Requests\UpdateUserRoleRequest;
+use App\Http\Traits\ApiResponse;
+use App\Models\Lists\UserRole;
+use Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse;
+
+class UserRoleController extends Controller
+{
+    use ApiResponse;
+
+    /**
+     * Elenco dei ruoli.
+     */
+    public function index(): JsonResponse
+    {
+        return $this->collectionResponse(UserRole::all());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Crea un nuovo ruolo.
+     */
+    public function store(StoreUserRoleRequest $request): JsonResponse
+    {
+        $role = UserRole::create($request->validated());
+
+        return $this->createdResponse($role);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Dettaglio di un ruolo.
+     */
+    public function show(UserRole $userRole): JsonResponse
+    {
+        return $this->okResponse($userRole);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Aggiorna un ruolo.
+     */
+    public function update(UpdateUserRoleRequest $request, UserRole $userRole): JsonResponse
+    {
+        $userRole->update($request->validated());
+
+        return $this->updatedResponse($userRole);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Elimina un ruolo (se non di sistema e non in uso).
+     */
+    public function destroy(UserRole $userRole): JsonResponse
+    {
+        if ($userRole->isSystemRole()) {
+            return $this->conflictResponse('Cannot delete a system role.');
+        }
+
+        if ($userRole->isInUse()) {
+            return $this->conflictResponse('Cannot delete: role assigned to at least one user.');
+        }
+
+        $userRole->delete();
+
+        return $this->deletedResponse();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Indica se il ruolo è bloccato per l'eliminazione (di sistema o in uso).
+     */
+    public function usage(UserRole $userRole): JsonResponse
+    {
+        return response()->json([
+            'in_use' => $userRole->isSystemRole() || $userRole->isInUse(),
+        ]);
+    }
+}

backend/app/Http/Middleware/EnsureSetupComplete.php

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Http\Middleware;
+
+use Closure;
+use Illuminate\Http\Request;
+use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;
+
+class EnsureSetupComplete
+{
+    /**
+     * Handle an incoming request.
+     *
+     * @param  Closure(Request): (Response)  $next
+     */
+    public function handle(Request $request, Closure $next): mixed
+    {
+        $user = $request->user();
+
+        if (! $user) {
+            return $next($request);
+        }
+
+        $setupStatus = null;
+
+        if ($user->must_change_password) {
+            $setupStatus = 'password_required';
+        } elseif (is_null($user->two_factor_setup_completed_at)) {
+            $setupStatus = '2fa_setup_required';
+        }
+
+        if ($setupStatus !== null) {
+            return response()->json([
+                'setup_status' => $setupStatus,
+            ], 403);
+        }
+
+        return $next($request);
+    }
+}

backend/app/Http/Middleware/ForceJsonResponse.php

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Http\Middleware;
+
+use Closure;
+use Illuminate\Http\Request;
+use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;
+
+class ForceJsonResponse
+{
+    /**
+     * Handle an incoming request.
+     *
+     * @param  Closure(Request): (Response)  $next
+     */
+    public function handle(Request $request, Closure $next): Response
+    {
+        $request->headers->set('Accept', 'application/json');
+
+        return $next($request);
+    }
+}

backend/app/Http/Middleware/IsAdmin.php

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Http\Middleware;
+
+use Closure;
+use Illuminate\Http\Request;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
+use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;
+
+class IsAdmin
+{
+    /**
+     * Handle an incoming request.
+     *
+     * @param  Closure(Request): (Response)  $next
+     */
+    public function handle(Request $request, Closure $next): Response
+    {
+        if (! Auth::check() || Auth::user()->role?->name !== 'Admin') {
+            abort(403);
+        }
+
+        return $next($request);
+    }
+}

backend/app/Http/Requests/IndexUserRequest.php

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Http\Requests;
+
+use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\FormRequest;
+use Illuminate\Validation\Rule;
+
+/**
+ * Validazione dei filtri di query per l'elenco utenti (area admin).
+ * L'autorizzazione è demandata ai middleware di rotta (auth + admin + setup).
+ */
+class IndexUserRequest extends FormRequest
+{
+    public function authorize(): bool
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return array<string, mixed>
+     */
+    public function rules(): array
+    {
+        return [
+            'search' => ['nullable', 'string', 'max:255'],
+            'role_id' => ['nullable', 'integer', 'exists:user_roles,id'],
+            'trashed' => ['nullable', Rule::in(['with', 'only'])],
+            'per_page' => ['nullable', 'integer', 'min:1', 'max:100'],
+        ];
+    }
+}

backend/app/Http/Requests/StoreUserRoleRequest.php

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Http\Requests;
+
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Validation\ValidationRule;
+use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\FormRequest;
+
+class StoreUserRoleRequest extends FormRequest
+{
+    /**
+     * L'autorizzazione (solo Admin) è gestita dal middleware di rotta.
+     */
+    public function authorize(): bool
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return array<string, ValidationRule|array<mixed>|string>
+     */
+    public function rules(): array
+    {
+        return [
+            'name' => 'required|string|max:255|unique:user_roles,name',
+            'description' => 'nullable|string',
+        ];
+    }
+}

backend/app/Http/Requests/UpdateUserRoleRequest.php

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Http\Requests;
+
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Validation\ValidationRule;
+use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\FormRequest;
+use Illuminate\Validation\Rule;
+
+class UpdateUserRoleRequest extends FormRequest
+{
+    /**
+     * L'autorizzazione (solo Admin) è gestita dal middleware di rotta.
+     */
+    public function authorize(): bool
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return array<string, ValidationRule|array<mixed>|string>
+     */
+    public function rules(): array
+    {
+        $id = $this->route('user_role')->id;
+
+        return [
+            'name' => [
+                'required',
+                'string',
+                'max:255',
+                Rule::unique('user_roles', 'name')->ignore($id),
+            ],
+            'description' => ['nullable', 'string'],
+        ];
+    }
+}

backend/app/Http/Traits/ApiResponse.php

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Http\Traits;
+
+use Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse;
+use Illuminate\Pagination\LengthAwarePaginator;
+
+/**
+ * Risposte JSON standardizzate per i controller API.
+ *
+ * I messaggi sono presi da config/messages.php. Passando un $prefix si possono
+ * usare messaggi specifici per risorsa (es. "user_roles.created"); senza prefix
+ * si usano le chiavi generiche di primo livello.
+ */
+trait ApiResponse
+{
+    /**
+     * 200 — Lista paginata: { message, data, meta }.
+     */
+    protected function paginatedCollectionResponse(LengthAwarePaginator $paginator, ?string $prefix = null): JsonResponse
+    {
+        return response()->json([
+            'message' => config($prefix ? "messages.{$prefix}.index" : 'messages.index'),
+            'data' => $paginator->items(),
+            'meta' => [
+                'current_page' => $paginator->currentPage(),
+                'last_page' => $paginator->lastPage(),
+                'per_page' => $paginator->perPage(),
+                'total' => $paginator->total(),
+            ],
+        ], 200);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 200 — Collezione di risorse.
+     */
+    protected function collectionResponse(mixed $collection, ?string $prefix = null): JsonResponse
+    {
+        return response()->json([
+            'message' => config($prefix ? "messages.{$prefix}.index" : 'messages.index'),
+            'data' => $collection,
+        ], 200);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 200 — Singola risorsa.
+     */
+    protected function okResponse(mixed $data, ?string $prefix = null): JsonResponse
+    {
+        return response()->json([
+            'message' => config($prefix ? "messages.{$prefix}.show" : 'messages.show'),
+            'data' => $data,
+        ], 200);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 201 — Risorsa creata.
+     */
+    protected function createdResponse(mixed $model, ?string $prefix = null): JsonResponse
+    {
+        return response()->json([
+            'message' => config($prefix ? "messages.{$prefix}.created" : 'messages.created'),
+            'data' => $model,
+        ], 201);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 200 — Risorsa aggiornata.
+     */
+    protected function updatedResponse(mixed $model, ?string $prefix = null): JsonResponse
+    {
+        return response()->json([
+            'message' => config($prefix ? "messages.{$prefix}.updated" : 'messages.updated'),
+            'data' => $model,
+        ], 200);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 200 — Risorsa eliminata.
+     */
+    protected function deletedResponse(?string $prefix = null): JsonResponse
+    {
+        return response()->json([
+            'message' => config($prefix ? "messages.{$prefix}.deleted" : 'messages.deleted'),
+        ], 200);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 200 — Risorsa ripristinata (soft delete restore).
+     */
+    protected function restoredResponse(mixed $model, ?string $prefix = null): JsonResponse
+    {
+        return response()->json([
+            'message' => config($prefix ? "messages.{$prefix}.restored" : 'messages.restored'),
+            'data' => $model,
+        ], 200);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 409 — Conflitto: operazione bloccata (es. risorsa in uso).
+     */
+    protected function conflictResponse(string $message): JsonResponse
+    {
+        return response()->json([
+            'message' => $message,
+            'in_use' => true,
+        ], 409);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Risposta con solo messaggio — chiave config es. "auth.login_success".
+     */
+    protected function messageResponse(string $configKey, int $status = 200): JsonResponse
+    {
+        return response()->json([
+            'message' => config("messages.{$configKey}"),
+        ], $status);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Risposta con messaggio e dati — chiave config es. "auth.login_success".
+     */
+    protected function dataResponse(mixed $data, string $configKey, int $status = 200): JsonResponse
+    {
+        return response()->json([
+            'message' => config("messages.{$configKey}"),
+            'data' => $data,
+        ], $status);
+    }
+}

backend/app/Models/Lists/UserRole.php

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Models\Lists;
+
+use App\Models\User;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\HasMany;
+use OwenIt\Auditing\Auditable as AuditableTrait;
+use OwenIt\Auditing\Contracts\Auditable;
+
+class UserRole extends Model implements Auditable
+{
+    use AuditableTrait;
+    use HasFactory;
+
+    public const ADMIN = 'Admin';
+
+    public const SUPERVISOR = 'Supervisor';
+
+    public const USER = 'User';
+
+    public const GUEST = 'Guest';
+
+    protected $table = 'user_roles';
+
+    protected $fillable = [
+        'name',
+        'description',
+    ];
+
+    /**
+     * Utenti che hanno questo ruolo.
+     *
+     * @return HasMany<User, $this>
+     */
+    public function users(): HasMany
+    {
+        return $this->hasMany(User::class, 'role_id');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Ruolo predefinito di sistema: non eliminabile.
+     */
+    public function isSystemRole(): bool
+    {
+        return in_array($this->name, [self::ADMIN, self::SUPERVISOR, self::USER, self::GUEST], true);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Il ruolo è assegnato ad almeno un utente.
+     */
+    public function isInUse(): bool
+    {
+        return $this->users()->exists();
+    }
+}

backend/app/Models/User.php

@@ -2,20 +2,59 @@
 
 namespace App\Models;
 
-// use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\MustVerifyEmail;
-use Database\Factories\UserFactory;
-use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Attributes\Fillable;
-use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Attributes\Hidden;
+use App\Models\Lists\UserRole;
+use App\Notifications\ResetPasswordNotification;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\MustVerifyEmail;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\SoftDeletes;
 use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\User as Authenticatable;
 use Illuminate\Notifications\Notifiable;
+use Laravel\Fortify\TwoFactorAuthenticatable;
+use Laravel\Sanctum\HasApiTokens;
+use OwenIt\Auditing\Contracts\Auditable;
 
-#[Fillable(['name', 'email', 'password'])]
-#[Hidden(['password', 'remember_token'])]
-class User extends Authenticatable
+class User extends Authenticatable implements Auditable, MustVerifyEmail
 {
     /** @use HasFactory<UserFactory> */
-    use HasFactory, Notifiable;
+    use HasApiTokens, HasFactory, Notifiable, SoftDeletes;
+
+    use \OwenIt\Auditing\Auditable;
+    use TwoFactorAuthenticatable;
+
+    /**
+     * The attributes that are mass assignable.
+     *
+     * @var list<string>
+     */
+    protected $appends = ['setup_status'];
+
+    protected $auditExclude = ['password', 'remember_token', 'two_factor_secret'];
+
+    protected $fillable = [
+        'name',
+        'email',
+        'password',
+        'role_id',
+        'is_system',
+        'must_change_password',
+        'two_factor_secret',
+        'two_factor_recovery_codes',
+        'two_factor_setup_completed_at',
+        'email_verified_at',
+    ];
+
+    /**
+     * The attributes that should be hidden for serialization.
+     *
+     * @var list<string>
+     */
+    protected $hidden = [
+        'password',
+        'remember_token',
+        'two_factor_secret',
+        'two_factor_recovery_codes',
+    ];
 
     /**
      * Get the attributes that should be cast.
@@ -27,6 +66,43 @@ class User extends Authenticatable
         return [
             'email_verified_at' => 'datetime',
             'password' => 'hashed',
+            'role_id' => 'integer',
+            'must_change_password' => 'boolean',
+            'two_factor_setup_completed_at' => 'datetime',
+            'two_factor_confirmed_at' => 'datetime',
+            'is_system' => 'boolean',
+            'anonymized_at' => 'datetime',
         ];
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Ruolo applicativo dell'utente.
+     *
+     * @return BelongsTo<UserRole, $this>
+     */
+    public function role(): BelongsTo
+    {
+        return $this->belongsTo(UserRole::class, 'role_id');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Send the password reset notification.
+     */
+    public function sendPasswordResetNotification($token)
+    {
+        $this->notify(new ResetPasswordNotification($token));
+    }
+
+    public function getSetupStatusAttribute(): string
+    {
+        if ($this->must_change_password) {
+            return 'password_required';
+        }
+
+        if (is_null($this->two_factor_setup_completed_at)) {
+            return '2fa_setup_required';
+        }
+
+        return 'complete';
+    }
 }

backend/app/Notifications/ResetPasswordNotification.php

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Notifications;
+
+use Illuminate\Bus\Queueable;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\ShouldQueue;
+use Illuminate\Notifications\Messages\MailMessage;
+use Illuminate\Notifications\Notification;
+
+class ResetPasswordNotification extends Notification implements ShouldQueue
+{
+    use Queueable;
+
+    /**
+     * Create a new notification instance.
+     */
+    public function __construct(public readonly string $token)
+    {
+        // Il token viene passato al costruttore e reso disponibile come proprietà pubblica
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the notification's delivery channels.
+     *
+     * @return array<int, string>
+     */
+    public function via(object $notifiable): array
+    {
+        return ['mail'];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the mail representation of the notification.
+     */
+    public function toMail(object $notifiable): MailMessage
+    {
+        return (new MailMessage)
+            ->line('The introduction to the notification.')
+            ->action('Notification Action', url('/'))
+            ->line('Thank you for using our application!');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the array representation of the notification.
+     *
+     * @return array<string, mixed>
+     */
+    public function toArray(object $notifiable): array
+    {
+        return [
+            //
+        ];
+    }
+}

backend/app/Notifications/WelcomeNotification.php

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Notifications;
+
+use Illuminate\Bus\Queueable;
+use Illuminate\Notifications\Messages\MailMessage;
+use Illuminate\Notifications\Notification;
+
+class WelcomeNotification extends Notification
+{
+    use Queueable;
+
+    /**
+     * Create a new notification instance.
+     */
+    public function __construct()
+    {
+        //
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the notification's delivery channels.
+     *
+     * @return array<int, string>
+     */
+    public function via(object $notifiable): array
+    {
+        return ['mail'];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the mail representation of the notification.
+     */
+    public function toMail(object $notifiable): MailMessage
+    {
+        return (new MailMessage)
+            ->line('The introduction to the notification.')
+            ->action('Notification Action', url('/'))
+            ->line('Thank you for using our application!');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the array representation of the notification.
+     *
+     * @return array<string, mixed>
+     */
+    public function toArray(object $notifiable): array
+    {
+        return [
+            //
+        ];
+    }
+}

backend/app/Providers/AppServiceProvider.php

@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@
 
 namespace App\Providers;
 
+use Illuminate\Cache\RateLimiting\Limit;
+use Illuminate\Http\Request;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\RateLimiter;
 use Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider;
 
 class AppServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
@@ -19,6 +22,8 @@ class AppServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
      */
     public function boot(): void
     {
-        //
+        // Rate limiter delle rotte pubbliche (gruppo `throttle:public` in routes/api.php).
+        // Nessun utente loggato → si limita per IP. Tarare il numero sul traffico reale.
+        RateLimiter::for('public', fn (Request $request) => Limit::perMinute(60)->by($request->ip()));
     }
 }

backend/app/Providers/FortifyServiceProvider.php

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Providers;
+
+use App\Actions\Fortify\CreateNewUser;
+use App\Actions\Fortify\ResetUserPassword;
+use App\Actions\Fortify\UpdateUserPassword;
+use App\Actions\Fortify\UpdateUserProfileInformation;
+use Illuminate\Cache\RateLimiting\Limit;
+use Illuminate\Http\Request;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\RateLimiter;
+use Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider;
+use Illuminate\Support\Str;
+use Laravel\Fortify\Actions\RedirectIfTwoFactorAuthenticatable;
+use Laravel\Fortify\Fortify;
+
+class FortifyServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
+{
+    /**
+     * Register any application services.
+     */
+    public function register(): void
+    {
+        //
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Bootstrap any application services.
+     */
+    public function boot(): void
+    {
+        Fortify::createUsersUsing(CreateNewUser::class);
+        Fortify::updateUserProfileInformationUsing(UpdateUserProfileInformation::class);
+        Fortify::updateUserPasswordsUsing(UpdateUserPassword::class);
+        Fortify::resetUserPasswordsUsing(ResetUserPassword::class);
+        Fortify::redirectUserForTwoFactorAuthenticationUsing(RedirectIfTwoFactorAuthenticatable::class);
+
+        RateLimiter::for('login', function (Request $request) {
+            $throttleKey = Str::transliterate(Str::lower($request->input(Fortify::username())).'|'.$request->ip());
+
+            return Limit::perMinute(5)->by($throttleKey);
+        });
+
+        RateLimiter::for('two-factor', function (Request $request) {
+            return Limit::perMinute(5)->by($request->session()->get('login.id'));
+        });
+
+        RateLimiter::for('passkeys', function (Request $request) {
+            $credentialId = $request->input('credential.id');
+
+            return Limit::perMinute(10)->by(
+                ($credentialId ?: $request->session()->getId()).'|'.$request->ip()
+            );
+        });
+    }
+}